Yea Physics!
Lateral resolution is the minimum separation of two interfaces aligned along a direction perpendicular to the beam. It depends on the beam width. Plainly, it is the ability to distinguish two objects side by side.
There are a lot of variables that can affect lateral resolution: frequency, depth, focus, number of focal zones and cross beams. This make is it very hard to measure consistently.
Each sound beam that is sent out travels straight to the focus and then spreads out, making the beam wider. Where the focus is, is where your image will be the best, as the beam gets wider all the sound beams begin to overlap causing the dot to be picked up most often. This makes it appear longer, because it is spreading from one beam to the next at the wider portion. This all makes sense in my drawing, but am unsure if I translated it right in this explanation. I sure hope so.
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